I/O request handling¶
An I/O request of a User VM, which is constructed by the hypervisor, is distributed by the ACRN Hypervisor Service Module to an I/O client corresponding to the address range of the I/O request. Details of I/O request handling are described in the following sections.
1. I/O request¶
For each User VM, there is a shared 4-KByte memory region used for I/O requests communication between the hypervisor and Service VM. An I/O request is a 256-byte structure buffer, which is 'struct acrn_io_request', that is filled by an I/O handler of the hypervisor when a trapped I/O access happens in a User VM. ACRN userspace in the Service VM first allocates a 4-KByte page and passes the GPA (Guest Physical Address) of the buffer to the hypervisor. The buffer is used as an array of 16 I/O request slots with each I/O request slot being 256 bytes. This array is indexed by vCPU ID.
2. I/O clients¶
An I/O client is responsible for handling User VM I/O requests whose accessed GPA falls in a certain range. Multiple I/O clients can be associated with each User VM. There is a special client associated with each User VM, called the default client, that handles all I/O requests that do not fit into the range of any other clients. The ACRN userspace acts as the default client for each User VM.
Below illustration shows the relationship between I/O requests shared buffer, I/O requests and I/O clients.
+------------------------------------------------------+
| Service VM |
|+--------------------------------------------------+ |
|| +----------------------------------------+ | |
|| | shared page ACRN userspace | | |
|| | +-----------------+ +------------+ | | |
|| +----+->| acrn_io_request |<-+ default | | | |
|| | | | +-----------------+ | I/O client | | | |
|| | | | | ... | +------------+ | | |
|| | | | +-----------------+ | | |
|| | +-|--------------------------------------+ | |
||---|----|-----------------------------------------| |
|| | | kernel | |
|| | | +----------------------+ | |
|| | | | +-------------+ HSM | | |
|| | +--------------+ | | | |
|| | | | I/O clients | | | |
|| | | | | | | |
|| | | +-------------+ | | |
|| | +----------------------+ | |
|+---|----------------------------------------------+ |
+----|-------------------------------------------------+
|
+----|-------------------------------------------------+
| +-+-----------+ |
| | I/O handler | ACRN Hypervisor |
| +-------------+ |
+------------------------------------------------------+
3. I/O request state transition¶
The state transitions of an ACRN I/O request are as follows.
FREE -> PENDING -> PROCESSING -> COMPLETE -> FREE -> ...
FREE: this I/O request slot is empty
PENDING: a valid I/O request is pending in this slot
PROCESSING: the I/O request is being processed
COMPLETE: the I/O request has been processed
An I/O request in COMPLETE or FREE state is owned by the hypervisor. HSM and ACRN userspace are in charge of processing the others.
4. Processing flow of I/O requests¶
The I/O handler of the hypervisor will fill an I/O request with PENDING state when a trapped I/O access happens in a User VM.
The hypervisor makes an upcall, which is a notification interrupt, to the Service VM.
The upcall handler schedules a worker to dispatch I/O requests.
The worker looks for the PENDING I/O requests, assigns them to different registered clients based on the address of the I/O accesses, updates their state to PROCESSING, and notifies the corresponding client to handle.
The notified client handles the assigned I/O requests.
The HSM updates I/O requests states to COMPLETE and notifies the hypervisor of the completion via hypercalls.